Octet Builder
Electrons, shells & bonding
Every element shows its real electron shells. The dashed amber ring is the valence shell — only those electrons bond.
- Tap an element below to add it to the workspace.
- Drag two atoms together — when they touch, a popup lets you choose how to bond them.
- Tap an atom by itself to give it a lone pair, remove it, or see nearby bonding options again.
- Ionically bonded atoms (like Na+ and Cl−) stay attached — drag one and its partner follows.
- Tap Check any time — a popup shows each atom's outer-shell electron count.
Rule of thumb: every atom wants a full valence shell — 8 electrons, except Hydrogen and Helium, which only want 2.
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unpaired valence electrons
lone pair electrons
core electrons (locked)
valence shell