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Who's building today?

Your progress is saved on this device, so typing the same name again will pick up right where you left off.

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Electrons, shells & bonding

Every element shows its real electron shells. The dashed amber ring is the valence shell — only those electrons bond.

Rule of thumb: every atom wants a full valence shell — 8 electrons, except Hydrogen and Helium, which only want 2.
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unpaired valence electrons lone pair electrons core electrons (locked) valence shell